Most homes have water heaters, and most of these devices break at some point. When that happens, homeowners call plumbers like yourself to the scene. Knowing how to troubleshoot and fix water heater issues quickly is crucial to keeping customers happy. This guide breaks down the most common problems and provides simple steps to identify and resolve them.
Check the Power Source
When a water heater stops working, your first move should be to check its power source. For electric models, inspect the circuit breaker or fuse box to ensure the system is receiving power. A tripped breaker or blown fuse could explain the issue. If you’re dealing with a gas water heater, confirm the pilot light is lit and the gas supply is flowing properly. Often, a power issue is a quick fix and gets the unit running again in minutes.
Review the Thermostat
If the power source isn’t the problem, take a close look at the water heater’s thermostat. Ensure the temperature setting is high enough to provide hot water (usually between 120–140 degrees Fahrenheit). Thermostats can malfunction over time, so test if it’s accurately regulating temperature.
Take a Look at the Heating Element
For electric water heaters, the heating element is a common culprit when there’s no hot water or an insufficient supply of it. Use a multimeter to check for continuity in the element. If you detect damage or an open circuit, replace the heating element with a new one. A faulty heating element is one of the more straightforward fixes for electric models.
Remove Buildup
Over the years, sediment and mineral buildup gather in the bottom of a water heater tank. The result is less efficiency and other issues with heating. If you notice this buildup, drain the tank completely and flush it with water to remove debris. This step is particularly important for customers in areas that receive hard water.
See How Old the Unit Is
Finally, determine the age of the water heater. If the unit is nearing or past its typical lifespan—usually 8 to 12 years for most models—it may be time for a replacement. Old systems develop persistent issues that make troubleshooting inefficient or impractical. Explaining this to your customers helps them make informed decisions about repairs versus replacements. You can also recommend alternatives, such as by discussing the benefits of hybrid water heaters and other efficient, tried-and-true models.
Knowing how to troubleshoot water heater issues is a key skill for any plumber, and these steps offer a clear roadmap for diagnosis and repair. By approaching each problem methodically, you’ll get the job done right and provide excellent service for your clients.
